ABSTRACT
Objective:
Diabetes and insomnia are serious public health problems worldwide. The cause-and-effect relationship between them is rather complicated. This study planned to evaluate the presence of insomnia and associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Materials and Methods:
A total of 81 (36 male and 45 female) patients with T2DM were recruited into our study. Pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, Obstructive Sleep Apnea syndrome, and cognitive disorders were determined as exclusion criteria from the study. Demographic and disease characteristics were noted. Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating scale 20 (PIRS-20), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (PSQI), Beck Depression inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety inventory (BAI), Berlin questionnaire, and Douleur neuropathique-4 questionnaire (DN-4) to detect neuropathic pain were filled in a face-to-face interview.
Results:
The mean age of our patients was 60.0±11.6 years, and median diabetes duration was 15 years (7-18 years). Median PIRS-20 score was 16 points (9-24 points) and 43.2% (n=35) had insomnia. Median PSQI score was 6 points (3, 5-8 points), and poor sleep quality was present in 50.6% (n=41) of the patients. There was no statistically significant difference between patients who had diabetes, with and without insomnia, in terms of sociodemographic features, micro- and macro-vascular complications, glycemic control, and Restless Legs syndrome. Conversely, significant association was observed between PIRS-20 and PSQI (r=0.78; p<0.001), between T2DM duration and BDI (r=0.24; p=0.02), and between DN-4 and BAI (r=0.46; p<0.01).
Conclusion:
Insomnia symptoms and poor night sleep quality are commonly encountered in T2DM patients. Considering the negative effects of sleep disturbance on T2DM, it is recommended that insomnia and other sleep disorders be evaluated as a part of routine clinical evaluation.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Insomnia, Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating scale
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