ABSTRACT

Objective:

This study was planned to determine the effects of sleep quality and sleepiness on fatigue, activities of daily living, and physical activity in the elderly.

Materials and Methods:

Four hundred forty nine elderly volunteers aged 65 and over, living at home, participated in this study. Socio-demographic data form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PUKI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS), Katz Activities of Daily Living Scale (BADL), and Lawton and Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (EADL) Form were applied to participants.

Results:

While BADL and EADL scores of the elderly with increased daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality were significantly lower than other individuals; FIS scores were found to be high (p<0.05). PASE scores were lower in the elderly with increased daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality, but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). ESS was negatively correlated with BADL (r=-0.275) and EADL (r=-0.324, and positively correlated with FIS (r=0.417) at a moderate level. PUKI was negatively correlated with BADL (r=-0.289) and EADL (r=-0.272); positively correlated with FIS (r=0.383) at a moderate level. PUKI was negatively correlated with PASE (r=-0.161) at a lower level (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Increased daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality in the elderly negatively affect daily life activities and increased fatigue. Therefore, in the elderly it is necessary to screen for sleep disorders and to raise awareness of the importance of sleep quality. Concurrently, it is thought that it would be beneficial to include sleep assessment within the geriatric assessment parameters.

Keywords: Elderly, sleep, activities of daily living, physical activity, daytime sleepiness, fatigue

References

Genç F, Karadağ S, Kılıç Akça N, Tan M, Cerit D. The Effect of Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality and Fatigue Level of the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Study. Holist Nurs Pract 2020;34:155-62.

Cunningham C, O' Sullivan R, Caserotti P, Tully MA. Consequences of physical inactivity in older adults: A systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020;30:816-27.

Jadhav S, Subramanyam AA, Raut NB, Singh S. A study of quality of sleep, quality of life, and cognition in elderly: Healthy control, depressed and with mild neurocognitive disorder. Journal of Geriatric Mental Health 2022;8:107-12.

Gulia KK, Kumar VM. Sleep disorders in the elderly: a growing challenge. Psychogeriatrics 2018;18:155-65.

Polat F, Karasu F. Effect of sleep hygiene training given to elderly individuals on daytime sleepiness and fatigue: A randomized controlled trial. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022;58:2161-9.

Lee YT, Tsai CF, Ouyang WC, Yang AC, Yang CH, Hwang JP. Daytime sleepiness: a risk factor for poor social engagement among the elderly. Psychogeriatrics 2013;13:213-20.

Langhammer B, Bergland A, Rydwik E. The Importance of Physical Activity Exercise among Older People. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:7856823.

Uchmanowicz I, Markiewicz K, Uchmanowicz B, Kołtuniuk A, Rosińczuk J. The relationship between sleep disturbances and quality of life in elderly patients with hypertension. Clin Interv Aging 2019;14:155-65.

Özvurmaz S, Asgarpour H, Güneş Z. Yaşlılarda Uyku Kalitesi Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma. Medical Sciences 2018;13:72-9.

Sun XH, Ma T, Yao S, Chen ZK, Xu WD, Jiang XY, Wang XF. Associations of sleep quality and sleep duration with frailty and pre-frailty in an elderly population Rugao longevity and ageing study. BMC Geriatr 2020;20:9.

Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, George SM, Olson RD. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. JAMA 2018;320:2020-8.

Silva MR , Ferretti F, Pinto SS, Ferretti O, Filho T. Depressive symptoms in the elderly and its relationship with chronic pain, chronic diseases, sleep quality and physical activity level. Br J Pain 2018;1:293-8.

Tartibian B, Kuşkistani M, Nosrani SE, Parvani M. Relationship between the Level of Physical Activity and Nutritional Status with Fatigue in Elderly Residents of Rest Homes in Tehran. New Approaches in Sport Sciences 2019;1:2155-168.

Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 1991;14:540-5.

Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-98.

Güngen C, Ertan T, Eker E, Yaşar R, Engin F. Standardize Mini Mental test'in türk toplumunda hafif demans tanisinda geçerlik ve güvenilirliği [Reliability and validity of the standardized Mini Mental State Examination in the diagnosis of mild dementia in Turkish population]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2002;13:273-81.

Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28:193-213.

Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar O. Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatr Derg 1996;7:107-15.

Ağargün MY, Çilli AS, Kara H, Bilici M, Telcioğlu, M, Semiz ÜB, Başoğlu C., Epworth Uykululuk Ölçeğinin geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Turk Psikiyatr Derg 1999;10:261-7.

Ayvat E, Kilinç M, Kirdi N. The Turkish version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): its cultural adaptation, validation, and reliability. Turk J Med Sci 2017;47:908-15.

Washburn RA, Smith KW, Jette AM, Janney CA. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): development and evaluation. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:153-62.

Armutlu K, Keser I, Korkmaz N, Akbiyik DI, Sümbüloğlu V, Güney Z, Karabudak R. Psychometric study of Turkish version of Fatigue Impact Scale in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol Sci 2007;255:64-8.

Fisk JD, Ritvo PG, Ross L, Haase DA, Marrie TJ, Schlech WF. Measuring the functional impact of fatigue: initial validation of the fatigue impact scale. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:S79-83.

Katz S, Downs TD, Cash HR, Grotz RC. Progress in development of the index of ADL. Gerontologist 1970;10:20-30.

Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9:179-86.

Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ, Dalton DS, Klein BE, Klein R, Nondahl DM. Prevalence of sleep problems and quality of life in an older population. Sleep 2002;25:889-93.

Su Y, Cochrane BB, Yu SY, Reding K, Herting JR, Zaslavsky O. Fatigue in community-dwelling older adults: A review of definitions, measures, and related factors. Geriatr Nurs 2022;43:266-79.

Kazoğlu M, Yürük ZÖ. An investigation of sleep quality and fatigue levels in the elderly living in nursing homes and home. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation 2020;7:145-53.

Kim H, Son H. Fatigue-Related Factors for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Diabetes: A Theory-Guided Multi-Dimensional Approach Using the Dynamic Biopsychosocial Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019;16:4502.

Whibley D, Braley TJ, Kratz AL, Murphy SL. Transient Effects of Sleep on Next-Day Pain and Fatigue in Older Adults With Symptomatic Osteoarthritis. J Pain 2019;20:1373-82.

Pakpour V, Moqaddam M, Hosseiny R, Salimi S. Quality of Sleep and Daily Activity of the Elderly in Zanjan. Journal of Research Development in Nursing 2016;13:62-8.

Altıok M, Yılmaz M, Önal P, Akturk F, Temel GO. Relationship between Activities of Daily Living, Sleep and Depression among the Aged Living at Home. Pak J Med Sci 2012;28:162-6.

Boga SM, Saltan A. Identifying the relationship among sleep, mental status, daily living activities, depression and pain in older adults: a comparative study in Yalova, Turkey. J Pak Med Assoc 2020;70:236-42.

Holfeld B, Ruthig JC. A longitudinal examination of sleep quality and physical activity in older adults. J Appl Gerontol 2014;33:791-807.

Gothe NP, Ehlers DK, Salerno EA, Fanning J, Kramer AF, McAuley E. Physical Activity, Sleep and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Influence of Physical, Mental and Social Well-being. Behav Sleep Med 2020;18:797-808.

Chasens ER, Sereika SM, Weaver TE, Umlauf MG. Daytime sleepiness, exercise, and physical function in older adults. J Sleep Res 2007;16:60-5.

The Effect of Sleep Quality and Sleepiness on Fatigue Activities of Daily Living and Physical Activity in the Elderly

ABSTRACT

References