Öz
Sosyal jetlag (SJL), modern toplumda yaygın görülen bir halk sağlığı sorunu olup, bireyin iç biyolojik saati ile günlük yaşamın sosyal gereklilikleri arasındaki kronik uyumsuzluğu ifade eder. Seyahat kaynaklı geçici jetlagden farklı olarak SJL, sabit iş ve okul saatleri, akşamları yapay ışığa maruz kalma ve dijital cihaz kullanımının etkisiyle ortaya çıkan, haftalık döngüler halinde devam eden bir sirkadiyen bozulmadır. Bu derleme, sanayileşmiş ülkelerde bireylerin %70’ine kadarını etkileyen bu kronik durumun nedenlerini ve yaygın sağlık sonuçlarını incelemektedir. SJL’in sonuçları yalnızca uykululukla sınırlı kalmamakta; obezite, metabolik sendrom, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve zayıflamış bağışıklık sistemi riskinde artışa da yol açmaktadır. Ayrıca SJL’in ruh sağlığı üzerinde de ciddi olumsuz etkileri bulunmakta; depresyon ve anksiyete oranlarının yükselmesi, bilişsel yetersizlikler ve özellikle ergenlerde akademik başarı düşüklüğü ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra SJL, sağlık harcamaları ve üretkenlik kaybı nedeniyle toplum üzerinde önemli bir ekonomik yük oluşturmaktadır. SJL ile mücadele bireysel davranış değişikliklerini (düzenli uyku saatleri, akşam ışığa maruziyetin azaltılması) kapsayan, bununla birlikte esnek çalışma saatleri ve okulların geç başlaması gibi daha geniş kapsamlı toplumsal ve politik düzenlemeleri de içeren çok boyutlu bir yaklaşım gerektirmektedir. SJL’in sessiz bir salgın olmaktan çıkarılıp tanınan bir halk sağlığı önceliğine dönüştürülmesi için toplumsal farkındalığın artırılması büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Sosyal jetlag, sirkadiyen ritim, halk sağlığı, kronotip, uyku-uyanıklık döngüsü
Kaynaklar
1
Reddy S, Reddy V, Sharma S. Physiology, circadian rhythm. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519507/
2
Azmi NASM, Juliana N, Azmani S, et al. Cortisol on circadian rhythm and its effect on cardiovascular system. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):676.
3
Wittmann M, Dinich J, Merrow M, Roenneberg T. Social jetlag: misalignment of biological and social time. Chronobiol Int. 2006;23(1-2):497-509.
4
Mota MC, Silva CM, Balieiro LCT, Fahmy WM, Crispim CA. Social jetlag and metabolic control in non-communicable chronic diseases: a study addressing different obesity statuses. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):6358.
5
Islam Z, Hu H, Akter S, et al. Social jetlag is associated with an increased likelihood of having depressive symptoms among the Japanese working population: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study. Sleep. 2020;43(1):zsz204.
6
Walker WH 2nd, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ. Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):28.
7
Caliandro R, Streng AA, van Kerkhof LWM, van der Horst GTJ, Chaves I. Social jetlag and related risks for human health: a timely review. Nutrients. 2021;13(12):4543.
8
Beauvalet JC, Quiles CL, Alves Braga De Oliveira M, Vieira Ilgenfritz CA, Paz Loayza Hidalgo M, Tonon AC. Social jetlag in health and behavioral research: a systematic review. ChronoPhysiol Ther. 2017;7:19-31.
9
Tavares PS, Carpena MX, Carone CMM, Del-Ponte B, Santos IS, Tovo-Rodrigues L. Is social jetlag similar to travel-induced jetlag? Results of a validation study. Chronobiol Int. 2020;37(4):542-551.
10
Roenneberg T, Pilz LK, Zerbini G, Winnebeck EC. Chronotype and social jetlag: a (self-) critical review. Biology (Basel). 2019;8(3):54.
11
Roenneberg T. How can social jetlag affect health? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023;19(7):383.
12
Dautovich ND, Schreiber DR, Imel JL, et al. A systematic review of the amount and timing of light in association with objective and subjective sleep outcomes in community-dwelling adults. Sleep Health. 2019;5(1):31-48.
13
Stothard ER, McHill AW, Depner CM, et al. Circadian entrainment to the natural light-dark cycle across seasons and the weekend. Curr Biol. 2017;27(4):508-513.
14
Saxvig IW, Wilhelmsen-Langeland A, Pallesen S, Nordhus IH, Vedaa Ø, Bjorvatn B. Habitual sleep, social jetlag, and reaction time in youths with delayed sleep–wake phase disorder: a case–control study. Front Psychol. 2019;10:491327.
15
Jankovic N, Schmitting S, Krüger B, Nöthlings U, Buyken A, Alexy U. Changes in chronotype and social jetlag during adolescence and their association with concurrent changes in BMI-SDS and body composition, in the DONALD study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022;76(5):765-772.
16
Mercan Işik C, Öztürk M. The relationship between chronotype characteristics and fear of missing out, phubbing, sleep quality and social jetlag in medical students. Chronobiol Int. 2024;41(10):1340-1350.
17
Alam M, Abbas K, Sharf Y, Khan S. Impacts of blue light exposure from electronic devices on circadian rhythm and sleep disruption in adolescent and young adult students. Chronobiol Med. 2024;6(1):10-14.
18
Fishbein AB, Knutson KL, Zee PC. Circadian disruption and human health. J Clin Invest. 2021;131(19):e148286.
19
Hena M, Garmy P. Social jetlag and its association with screen time and nighttime texting among adolescents in Sweden: a cross-sectional study. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:122.
20
Yue L, Cui N, Jiang L, Cui N. Screen use before sleep and emotional problems among adolescents: Preliminary evidence of mediating effect of chronotype and social jetlag. J Affect Disord. 2023;328:175-182.
21
Jin CX, Sutherland K, Gislason T, et al. Influence of social jetlag on daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea. J Sleep Res. 2023;32(3):e13783.
22
Cespedes Feliciano EM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Quante M, Redline S, Oken E, Taveras EM. Chronotype, social jet lag, and cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescence. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(11):1049-1057.
23
Rutters F, Lemmens SG, Adam TC, et al. Is social jetlag associated with an adverse endocrine, behavioral, and cardiovascular risk profile? J Biol Rhythms. 2014;29(5):377-383.
24
Wong PM, Hasler BP, Kamarck TW, Muldoon MF, Manuck SB. Social jetlag, chronotype, and cardiometabolic risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(12):4612-4620.
25
Faraut B, Cordina-Duverger E, Aristizabal G, et al. Immune disruptions and night shift work in hospital healthcare professionals: the intricate effects of social jet-lag and sleep debt. Front Immunol. 2022;13:941942.
26
Du LY, Keerthisinghe P, Rolland L, et al. A light-regulated circadian timer optimizes neutrophil bactericidal activity to boost daytime immunity. Sci Immunol. 2025;10(107):eadn3080.
27
Chang SJ, Jang SJ. Social jetlag and quality of life among nursing students: a cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs. 2019;75(7):1418-1426.
28
Levandovski R, Dantas G, Fernandes LC, et al. Depression scores associate with chronotype and social jetlag in a rural population. Chronobiol Int. 2011;28(9):771-778.
29
Baek SU, Lee YM, Won JU, Yoon JH. Association between social jetlag and anxiety symptoms: findings from a nationally representative sample of the Korean working population. Sleep Med. 2025;126:300-306.
30
Lin WH, Yi CC. Unhealthy sleep practices, conduct problems, and daytime functioning during adolescence. J Youth Adolesc. 2015;44(2):431-446.
31
Díaz-Morales JF, Escribano C. Social jetlag, academic achievement and cognitive performance: Understanding gender/sex differences. Chronobiol Int. 2015;32(6):822-831.
32
Lang CJ, Reynolds AC, Appleton SL, et al. Sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of social jetlag in Australian adults: results from the 2016 National Sleep Health Foundation Study. Sleep Med. 2018;51:133-139.
33
Silva CM, Mota MC, Miranda MT, Paim SL, Waterhouse J, Crispim CA. Chronotype, social jetlag and sleep debt are associated with dietary intake among Brazilian undergraduate students. Chronobiol Int. 2016;33(6):740-748.
34
Chen H, Yang T, Chen J, et al. Social jetlag is associated with core symptoms in 2-3-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2025;16:1574814.
35
Casjens S, Brenscheidt F, Tisch A, et al. Social jetlag and sleep debts are altered in different rosters of night shift work. PLoS One. 2022;17(1):e0262234.
36
Yong M, Fischer D, Germann C, Lang S, Vetter C, Oberlinner C. Are chronotype, social jetlag and sleep duration associated with health measured by work ability index? Chronobiol Int. 2016;33(6):721-729.
37
Giuntella O, Mazzonna F. Sunset time and the economic effects of social jetlag: evidence from US time zone borders. J Health Econ. 2019;65:210-226.
38
Roenneberg T, Wirz-Justice A, Merrow M. Life between clocks: daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J Biol Rhythms. 2003;18(1):80-90.
39
Jankowski KS. Social jet lag: sleep-corrected formula. Chronobiol Int. 2017;34(4):531-535.
40
Horne JA, Ostberg O. Individual differences in human circadian rhythms. Biol Psychol. 1977;5(3):179-190.
41
Pandi-Perumal SR, Smits M, Spence W, et al. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO): a tool for the analysis of circadian phase in human sleep and chronobiological disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007;31(1):1-11.
42
Zerbini G, Kantermann T, Merrow M. Strategies to decrease social jetlag: reducing evening blue light advances sleep and melatonin. Eur J Neurosci. 2020;51(12):2355-2366.
43
Magnúsdóttir I, Magnúsdóttir S, Gunnlaugsdóttir AK, Hilmisson H, Hrólfsdóttir L, Eiriksdóttir AE. Efficacy of brief behavioral and sleep hygiene education with mindfulness intervention on sleep, social jetlag and mental health in adolescence: a pilot study. Sleep Breath. 2025;29(1):243-252.
44
Shechter A, Quispe KA, Mizhquiri Barbecho JS, Slater C, Falzon L. Interventions to reduce short-wavelength (“blue”) light exposure at night and their effects on sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Adv. 2020;1(1):zpaa002.
